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Peter, 12/27/2012 02:49 PM

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h1. RFID Tools
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*Welcome to the RFID Tools Project*
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We want to provide a compilation of OpenSource RFID Tools in a "ready to use" state. To make it as easy as possible for you to start "hacking" RFID we decided to provide some Software packages.
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{{toc}}
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h2. RFID Reader Hardware
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The Tools provided are tested for the ACS122u NFC Reader alias "touchatag". But the are supposed to work with any reader supported by libnfc.
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h3. Where to buy a reader?
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*ACS122u "touchatag"*
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* *HURRY!* The "touchatag" reader can be purchased with the touchatag project for €19,99 till *31.12.2012*. Afterwards it will be more difficult and much more expansive to get a decent NFC reader to use with this tools.
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http://store.touchatag.com/acatalog/touchatag_starter_pack.html
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*Proxmark*
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* Shops that ship Proxmark are listed here: http://www.proxmark.org/order
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*Other Readers*
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* In general all readers that are supported by "libnfc":http://www.libnfc.org/documentation/introduction are supported by your tools. Readers are not always cheap and easy to find. Probably the best way is to check ebay or alibaba.
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h2. Tools
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*NOTICE*: These tools are *not* running in a Virtual Machine as far as we know. There are timing problems communicating with the reader. 
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*RFID Tools as .deb*
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* binary .deb Package for Ubuntu x64 *only*
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* containing mfok, fcuk and RFIDLab
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* download
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* install prequesists:
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<pre> sudo apt-get install pcscd</pre>
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* edit /etc/libccid_Info.plist
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<pre><key>ifdDriverOptions</key>
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<string>0x0004</string></pre>
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* install:
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<pre> sudo dpkg -i rfid-tools_1.0.0_amd64.deb </pre>
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*Bootable USB-Stick image*
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* bootable Debian USB-Stick image file
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* containing mfoc, fcuk, RFIDLab and the cyberflex-shell
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* download attachment:rfid_tool_usb_stick.img
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* write to USB-Stick:
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<pre> sudo dd if=rfid-tools_usb.img of=/dev/sdX bs=4096 count=262144 </pre>
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* user: root pw: toor
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h2. Howto
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These are some small Tutorials that show you how to
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* Recover Keys on Micfare Classic
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* Editing Mifare Classic Cards
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* Change UIDS on Mifare Classic Crads
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* Read (german) Passports
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h3. Key Recovery on Mifare Classic
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The short summary is:
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Mifare Classic 1k card is organized in 16(0 until 15) sectors with 4(0 until 3) Blocks each with 16 bytes each.
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Every 4th Block contains Keys A and B and accessbits, which set the rights to access the according sector.
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*mfcuk*
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* Can be used if all keys on a Card have been set to non default keys
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* Takes ~20 min to recover one key
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* Recover a key of a single sector an write it to a keyfile:
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<pre>mfcuk -C -v 1 -R 0:A -k keys.mfcuk</pre>
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This will recover the key of the first sector(A), which can now be used to recover all keys with mfoc
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*mfoc*
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* Can be used if at least one key on the Card is a default key and dump the cards content:
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<pre>mfoc -O out.mfd</pre>
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* or if one key already have been recovered with mfcuk
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<pre>mfoc -O out.mfd -K keys.mfcuk</pre>
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h3. Editing Mifare Classic Cards
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*RFIDLab*
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* Get the current dump as *.mfd file
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* Dump the card you want to edit.
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* Use mfoc or, if the card doesn't use any default keys use mfcuk.
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*Editing and writing back to the card*
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Start by using RFID-LABS with: <pre>rl</pre>
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You can always see the menu again with <pre>?</pre>
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Enter mifare classic terminal: <pre>c</pre>
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Maybe you have to adjust the size of the console to see the entire menu.
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Import the dumped card <pre>n</pre>. Use the *.mdf fiel you made in Step 1.
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Look whether you have the rights, to write onto the blocks, you want to change <pre>L</pre> then <pre>Y</pre>
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If you have the rights good, if not look in the table, whether you have the rights to change the accesbits.
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If you have the rights to change the accessbits, do it with <pre>I</pre>
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If you don't  have the rights to change the accessbits and can't write values to the desired block you can't change the value on that card. You may need a new empty or old card for your project. You can never edit the values of Sector 0 Block 0.
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Now that you have the rights to write to the block start editing the values on the card.
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Edit the values in the buffer content with <pre>E</pre> or <pre>B</pre> to the values you wish.
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Edit the values with the commands shown, if you make a mistake you can always recover the buffer, before you save.
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Afterwards don't forget to save with <pre>S</pre>, before you leave with <pre>X</pre>
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Then write the buffer content to the card with <pre>H</pre>
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You can verify your work with <V>, note that Blocks with keys are often falsfully recognized as wrong because keys can
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't always be read. So just look for your block.
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If necessary for your application, you now have to change the accesbits back to normal.
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Done!
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Complete card modifications can either be made step by step with the above method or by using a common hexeditor to change all values in your dump to the desired ones (maybe values from a dump from a card you want to clone), before importing it into rfid-lab. But be careful not to overwrite the key and accessbits block, because rfid-lab needs real ones for accessing the card.
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You also have the option to use a changeable-uid-mifare card. These are counterfied mifare-cards which are available on the chinese market. The changeable-uid function originally intended to replace cards in a legacy installation. We will use this function to make an exact copy of an existing mifare card. 
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*Changing the UID*
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The UID is stored in sector 0, block 0 right at the beginning but it is a non writeable section. This is also the same with the chinese mifare card so special commands are required. Fortunately this is all mainline and when you have a properly installed libnfc on your computer you already have all the necessary tools installed.
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First look up the original card:
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<pre>
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$ nfc-list
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nfc-list uses libnfc 1.5.1 (r1175)
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Connected to NFC device: ACS ACR122U PICC Interface 00 00 / ACR122U203 - PN532 v1.4 (0x07)
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1 ISO14443A passive target(s) found:
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    ATQA (SENS_RES): 00  04  
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       UID (NFCID1): de  ad  be  ef  
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      SAK (SEL_RES): 08  
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</pre>
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Then lay down the chinese card and to this:
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<pre>
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$ nfc-mfsetuid deadbeef
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</pre>
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And now the uid should be changed:
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<pre>
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$ nfc-list
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nfc-list uses libnfc 1.5.1 (r1175)
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Connected to NFC device: ACS ACR122U PICC Interface 00 00 / ACR122U203 - PN532 v1.4 (0x07)
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1 ISO14443A passive target(s) found:
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    ATQA (SENS_RES): 00  04  
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       UID (NFCID1): de  ad  be  ef  
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      SAK (SEL_RES): 08  
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</pre>
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h3. Reading Passports
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*cyberflex-shell*
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The cyberflex-shell is only available on USB-Stick Package or from "github":https://github.com/henryk/cyberflex-shell
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* Start X
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<pre> startx </pre>
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* Open xterm an start the passport reader application
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<pre> cd cyberflex-shell
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 ./readpass -i -r 1</pre>
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* Type the second line of the MTR into the correspondent form an click "open"
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h2. Licenses and Credits
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*mfoc*
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mfoc is available under "GPLv3":https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html at https://code.google.com/p/nfc-tools/wiki/mfoc
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*mfcuk*
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mfcuk is available under "GPLv2":https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html at https://code.google.com/p/mfcuk/
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*RFIDLab*
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RFIDLab is available under "GPLv2":https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html at http://runningserver.com/?page=runningserver.content.download.rfidlab
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*cyberflex-shell*
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cyberflex-shell is available under "GPLv2":https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html at https://github.com/henryk/cyberflex-shell